Table of Contents 

1 Introduction 2

1.1 Background

1.2 Overview

2 Industry Outlook 4

2.1 General introduction

2.2 Best practices of CSP: large-scale deployment towards L4 by 2025 Domestic

2.3 SDO Progress: enhanced collaboration to guide cross-domain standards formulation

2.4 Gaps and Challenges facing highly autonomy

3. Emerging technologies towards L4 9

3.1 AI/ML Operations (MLOps)  

3.2 Knowledge Management

3.3 Digital Twin Network

4. Conclusion and suggestion 24

5. Applications and Solutions 25

5.1 Use Case Analysis in Workflow Domain

5.2 Use case : Predictive Fault Management

5.3 Use Case: Dynamic Quasi-Real-Time Optimization

5.4 User Case: SLA-oriented Precise Network Planning and Assurance

Reference 36

Abbreviations 37