1 Executive Summary 8

2 Abbreviations 9

3 Introduction 11

4 References 12

5 Form Factor of 5G Device 14

6 General Description 18

6.1 System Description 18

6.1.1 Key System Requirements 18

6.1.2 Performance requirements 19

6.2 Physical Layer Requirements 19

6.2.1 Multiple numerologies 19

6.2.2 Flexible frame structure 20

6.2.3 Bandwidth part configuration and adaptation 21

6.2.4 Initial access 23

6.2.5 Mobility 25

6.2.6 Waveform 26

6.2.7 Modulation 26

6.2.8 Multiple antenna techniques 26

6.2.9 Scheduling and HARQ timing 28

6.2.10 Channel coding 30

6.2.11 Spectrum sharing 31

6.3 Upper Layer Requirements 33

6.3.1 Control Plane 33

6.3.2 User Plane 35

6.4 Summary 36

7 Multi-Mode Multi-Band 37

8 Network Access Capability 41

8.1 Connectivity Options in 3GPP 41

8.1.1 Standalone NR 41

8.1.2 Non-Standalone NR 42

8.2 Uplink Strategies for NR deployment 45

8.2.1 Uplink strategies for Standalone Operation 46

8.2.2 Uplink strategies for Non-Standalone Operation 46

8.3 UE Modem Challenges and Solutions for Supporting Standalone and Non-Standalone NR 46

8.3.1 UE modem architecture for NR + LTE dual connectivity 47

8.3.2 UE modem challenges and solutions for SA 49

8.4 Network Selection 50

8.5 NSA/SA Mode Switch 51

9 Inter-RAT Interworking 53

9.1 NR mobility state transition 53

9.2 Inter-System Procedure 54

9.2.1 Interworking Procedures with N26 interface 55

9.2.2 Interworking Procedures without N26 interface 55

10 Voice Solution 57

10.1 Potential solutions 57

10.2 Summary 58

11 RF Performance 60

11.1 High Power UE 60

11.1.1 Motivation 60

11.1.2 3GPP Status 60

11.1.3 TX Front-end Status and Architecture for HPUE 60

11.1.4 Consideration on Thermal for HPUE 61

11.1.5 Consideration on SAR for HPUE 62

11.2 In-Device Interference 63

11.3 SUL 67

11.4 LTE and 5G NR RF path co-banding 68

11.4.1 Concept and Architecture of RF Path Co-banding 68

11.4.2 System-level Challenges 69

11.4.3 Way Forward on standalone support 71

11.4.4 Co-banding with simultaneous operation 71

11.5 Dynamic Power Sharing 72

11.5.1 Comparison between Equal and Dynamic Power Sharing 72

11.5.2 Comparison between Dynamic Power Sharing and Single Uplink Operation 73

11.5.3 3GPP Specifications for SUO and DPS 76

12 Demodulation Performance 79

12.1 High Speed Train Scenarios 79

12.2 UE Speed and DMRS Density 81

13 Power Consumption 85

13.1 Introduction 85

13.2 Key scenarios and performance metrics 85

13.2.1 Maximum throughput 85

13.2.2 The power vs latency trade-off 86

13.2.3 Achieving power efficient VoNR and ViNR 86

13.2.4 TDD spectrum and NR UE power consumption 86

13.2.5 Scheduling implications 87

13.3 Power scaling from LTE to NR 87

13.3.1 Example power breakdown for an LTE UE 87

13.3.2 A simple power model for the NR UE 89

13.3.3 RF front end power 89

13.3.4 Transceiver subsystem power 91

13.3.5 Baseband processing power 93

13.3.6 Standalone NR UE power consumption 94

13.4 Managing UE power efficiently 95

13.4.1 Bandwidth part adaptation 96

13.4.2 Cross-slot scheduling 97

13.4.3 Power vs data rate 98

13.4.4 Overtemperature protection 99

13.4.5 Periodic PDCCH monitoring 99

13.5 Implications for NR UEs 99

13.5.1 Better efficiency, but higher peak power 99

13.5.2 Standalone vs Non-standalone 100

13.5.3 Downlink processing may use more power than uplink transmit 100

13.5.4 Maintaining efficiency at low data rates 100

14 Market strategy 102

14.1 Status icon related to 5G 102

14.2 USIM application and UICC to access NR network 104

14.2.1 5G USIM Characteristics 104

14.2.2 Different type of UICCs 106

15 UE Function and Performance Enhancement 108

15.1 DC/CA enhancement 108

15.1.1 Uplink power control for supporting NR-NR DC 108

15.1.2 Enhancements to single Tx switched uplink solution for EN-DC 109

15.1.3 Support of efficient and low latency serving cell activation 110

15.1.4 Cross-carrier scheduling with different numerologies 110

15.1.5 Cross-carrier aperiodic CSI-RS triggering with different numerologies 111

15.1.6 Unaligned frame boundary for NR inter-band CA 111

15.2 MIMO enhancement 112

15.2.1 CSI improvement for MU-MIMO 112

15.2.2 Multi-TRP/Panel 113

15.2.3 Multi-beam Operation 113

15.2.4 Full power transmission in uplink 114

15.2.5 PAPR reduction 114

15.3 UE Power Saving in NR 114

15.3.1 DRX Adaptation 115

15.3.2 Cross-slot scheduling 115

15.3.3 MIMO layer adaptation 116

15.3.4 RRM measurements 116

15.3.5 UE assistant information 117

15.4 NR mobility enhancements 118

15.4.1 Conditional Handover (CHO) 118

15.4.2 Dual Active Protocol Stack (DAPS) Handover 119

15.5 NR positioning support 121

15.5.1 DL positioning reference signal 121

15.5.2 UL positioning reference signal 121

15.5.3 UE/gNB measurements 122

15.5.4 Higher layer protocols 123

15.5.5 LBS Test solution 123

16 Test Requirements 125

16.1 Test areas for 5G sub-6G and challenges 125

16.1.1 Test challenges 125

16.1.2 Requirement for test equipment 125

16.2 Device test cycle and test solutions 126

16.3 3GPP RAN5 Conformance Test 127

16.3.1 Target dates 127

16.3.2 Progress to-date 128

16.4 Risks 128

17 Other Aspect 130